Allergies

An allergy is when the body's immune system reacts to a food (or other substance such as pollen or medications). An allergy can be immediate (IgE) or delayed (Non-IgE) and symptoms vary with both.

  • Immediate IgE allergy symptoms occur within minutes to 2 hours of ingesting the allergen. Symptoms may include itchy rash, redness or hives (nettle rash), swelling, runny nose, itchy eyes, coughing, vomiting, swallowing and/or breathing difficulties (anaphylaxis).
  • Delayed non-IgE allergy symptoms occur 2-48 hours after ingesting the allergen. Symptoms may include diarrhoea, constipation, reflux, profuse vomiting, mucous/blood in stools, nausea, abdominal (tummy) pain, bloating, painful wind and/or eczema.

Common allergens include: milk, egg, soya, wheat, legumes, nuts, seeds, fish and shellfish.

If you think your child has an allergy it is important to speak to a GP, who may recommend a blood test, skin prick test, or exclusion of a particular food. A GP or pharmacist may recommend an antihistamine for your child. If your child is having a severe allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis, seek emergency medical attention.

With most food allergies, once the allergen is identified, children will be advised to avoid the food item. With immediate (IgE) reactions, this is a very strict avoidance. A health professional may recommend reintroduction of the food, as many children will grow out of their allergies before the age of 3.

Our paediatric dietitians do not regularly work with single allergy patients (except Cow's Milk Protein Allergy), as these families can usually manage safely at home under the care of their GP. Allergy UK and Beat Anaphylaxis provides lots of helpful information.

In the UK all pre-packaged foods must show a list of ingredients identifying the allergens. Restaurants and cafes are required to provide allergen information, which can help you make more informed decisions when your child has an allergy.

When weaning your baby it is important to introduce your child to small amounts of these allergens early on. If your family has a history of severe allergic reactions speak to your GP or health visitor in advance.